переведите на английский язык типовые предложения в present perfect continuous как долго ты учишь
Present Perfect Continuous. Случай 1. Упражнения (intermediate)
Для начала проверьте себя и переведите типовую фразу на английский язык.
The Present Perfect Continuous. Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Составьте предложения по образцу.
ОБРАЗЕЦ. He / cook
a. He has cooked lunch. (Present Perfect)
b. He is cooking lunch. (Present Continuous)
c. He has been cooking lunch. (Present Perfect Continuous)
Упражнение 2. Составьте предложения по образцу.
ОБРАЗЕЦ. What are you doing? (cook) — I am cooking. I have been cooking for an hour.
1. What are you doing? (write a letter)
………………………………………….. a letter.
………………………………………….. for twenty minutes.
2. What are you doing? (clean the kitchen)
……………………………………………. the kitchen.
…………………………………………….. it for two hours.
3. What are you doing? (wait for him)
…………………………………………… for him.
……………………………………………. for him for ten minutes.
4. What are you doing? (learn new words)
…………………………………………… new words.
…………………………………………….. them for thirty minutes.
5. What are you doing? (do a crossword puzzle)
…………………………………………….. a crossword puzzle.
………………………………………………. it for fifteen minutes.
Упражнение 3. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в Present Perfect Continuous.
Упражнение 4. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в Present Perfect Continuous.
Упражнение 5. Составьте предложения в Present Perfect Continuous согласно ситуации.
ОБРАЗЕЦ. It is snowing. The snow started three hours ago. — It has been snowing for 3 hours.
Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык типовые предложения в Present Perfect Continuous.
Вы выполнили упражнения на Present Perfect Continuous (случай 1). Это самый распространенный случай употребления этого времени глагола в английском языке.
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Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык типовые предложения в Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Как долго ты учишь английский язык? — Я учу английский язык два года.
2. Как долго ты читаешь эту книгу? — Я читаю эту книгу уже месяц.
3. Как долго ты смотришь телевизор? — Я смотрю телевизор два часа.
4. Как давно ты меня ждешь? — Я жду тебя уже час.
5. С каких пор она работает в банке? — Она работает в банке с 1999 года.
6. С каких пор он живет в Москве? — Он живет в Москве с рождения (since he was born.)
7. С каких пор они строят дом? — Они строят дом с года.
Ответы 1
How long have you been learning English?
I have been learning English for two years.
How long have you been reading this book?
I have been reading this book for a month already.
How long have you been watching TV?
I have been watching TV for two hours.
How long have you been waiting for me?
I have been waiting for you for an hour already.
Since when has she been working in the bank?
She has been working in the bank since 1999.
Since when has he been living in Moscow?
He has been living in Moscow since he was born.
Since when have they been building the house?
They have been building the house since last year.
Present Perfect Continuous — правила и примеры
В этой статье мы подробно изучим правила и примеры Present Perfect Continuous. Оно выражает длительное действие, которое только что завершилось или все еще продолжается. Также сравним Present Perfect Continuous с временами Present Perfect, Present Continuous и Past Continuous и разберемся, в каких случаях их употреблять.
Время Present Perfect Continuous на русский язык переводят как «настоящее совершенное длительное время». Не пугайтесь такого длинного названия. На самом деле разобраться с ним не так сложно, особенно, если вы уже хорошо освоили Present Perfect. Давайте начнем с образования Present Perfect Continuous, а затем перейдем к правилам и примерам.
Образование Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous образуется по следующей схеме:
Примеры утвердительных предложений в Present Perfect Continuous:
It has been raining all day long. I’m sick and tired of this weather. — Дождь идет весь день. Меня достала эта погода.
Sorry, I am late. I’ve been looking for a parking spot. — Извините, я опоздал. Я искал место для парковки.
She’s been talking to her boss since morning. I believe she is in trouble. — Она разговаривает с боссом с самого утра. Похоже, у нее проблемы.
Примеры отрицательных предложений в Present Perfect Continuous:
Sorry, I haven’t been listening to you. Now I’m all ears. — Извини, я тебя не слушала. Теперь я вся во внимании.
He hasn’t been working all weekend. He is lying. — Он не работал все выходные. Он врет.
Things have not been going really well lately. — Дела идут не очень хорошо в последнее время.
Примеры вопросительных предложений в Present Perfect Continuous:
Your clothes are all dirty. What have you been doing? — Твоя одежда вся грязная. Что ты делал?
How long have you been dating him? — Как долго ты с ним встречаешься?
Has he been watching series all day? — Он что, смотрел сериалы весь день?
Употребление Present Perfect Continuous
А сейчас поговорим о том, когда используется Present Perfect Continuous.
I have been looking through these articles for two hours but I still can’t find the information I need. — Я просматриваю эти статьи уже два часа, но все еще не могу найти информацию, которая мне нужна.
We have been planning our trip since January. — Мы планируем нашу поездку с января.
Try it! Julia has been baking this cake all moring. — Попробуй! Джулия пекла этот торт все утро.
My feet are killing me because I have been walking in these terrible shoes. — У меня ужасно болят ноги, потому что я ходила в этих ужасных туфлях.
I’ve been waiting for you in the rain! Why are you always late? — Я ждала тебя под дождем! Почему ты постоянно опаздываешь?
How long have you been standing here? You didn’t have to wait for me. — Как долго ты здесь стоишь? Ты мог и не ждать меня.
How long has she been sleeping? It’s 11 a.m. already! — Сколько она спит? Уже 11 часов!
How long have they been dating? Will he propose to her or not? — Сколько они уже встречаются? Он сделает ей предложение или нет?
Present Perfect Continuous и Present Perfect
Поговорим о разнице между Present Perfect Continuous и Present Perfect. Сравните примеры и правила в таблице ниже.
| Present Perfect Continuous | Present Perfect |
|---|---|
| Акцент на продолжительности действия. Неважно, закончилось действие или нет. I have been cleaning the kitchen all morning. I am very tired. — Я убирала кухню все утро. Я очень устала. Mary is very studious. She has been doing homework all evening. — Мэри очень прилежная. Она делает домашнее задание весь вечер. | Акцент на результате действия. Действие выполнено. I have cleaned the kitchen. It is as good as new now. — Я убрала кухню. Теперь она как новенькая. She can go out because she has done her homework. — Она может идти гулять, потому что сделала домашнее задание. |
| Действие все еще продолжается или только что закончилось. Можно задать вопрос how long? (как долго?). I have been watching the last season of “Game of Thrones” since yesterday. — Я смотрю последний сезон «Игры престолов» со вчерашнего дня. They have been hitchhiking for seven years. — Они путешествуют автостопом уже семь лет. | Действие завершено. Можно задать вопросы how much? (сколько?), how many times? (сколько раз?), how often? (как часто?). I have watched the last episode of “Game of Thrones” three times. — Я посмотрел последнюю серию «Игры престолов» три раза. I have never hitchhiked in my life. — Я никогда в жизни не путешествовал автостопом. |
Существуют глаголы, которые не употребляются в длительной форме (Continuous). Так как эти глаголы описывают не само действие, а состояние объекта, они получили название stative verbs (глаголы состояния). Примеров таких глаголов немало. Чтобы их было легче запомнить, можно выделить следующие группы:
Если действие началось в прошлом, но еще не закончилось, с глаголами состояния обычно употребляем Present Perfect, а не Present Perfect Continuous.
How long have you owned this house? — Как давно ты владеешь этим домом?
I’ve known him since we were kids. — Я знаю его с детства.
Некоторые из вышеупомянутых глаголов все же можно употреблять в Present Perfect Continuous, но их значения будут другие. Например: think (размышлять), see (встречаться, видеться), mean (намереваться, хотеть), have как часть выражения (to have a shower — принимать душ, to have breakfast — завтракать). Сравните:
She has been thinking about your offer all night long. — Она думала о твоем предложении всю ночь.
I have thought, until now, that you were an honest man. Now I see that you are a cheater. — До этого момента я думал, что ты честный человек. Теперь я вижу, что ты жулик.
I have been having strange dreams for about three weeks. — Мне снятся странные сны уже где-то три месяца.
I have had such a problem before. — У меня была такая проблема раньше.
We have been seeing each other since Christmas. We are in love. — Мы встречаемся с Рождества. Мы влюблены.
I have just seen Derek at the bar. — Я только что видела Дерека у бара.
В английском языке есть ряд глаголов, значения которых связаны с процессом. Их называют длительными (durable verbs): live (жить), work (работать), teach (обучать, преподавать), study (учить, изучать), feel (чувствовать) и другие. Эти глаголы можно употреблять как в Present Perfect Continuous, так и в Present Perfect, когда мы говорим о действиях, которые начались в прошлом и продолжаются в настоящем.
Aboriginals have been living here for thousands of years. / Aboriginals have lived here for thousands of years. — Аборигены живут здесь уже тысячи лет.
I have been feeling really depressed lately. / I have felt really depressed lately. — Я чувствую себя очень подавленно в последнее время.
She has been studying psychology for five years. / She has studied psychology for five years. — Она изучает психологию пять лет.
Present Perfect Continuous и Present Continuous
А в чем же разница между Present Perfect Continuous и Present Continuous? Давайте разберем правила и примеры.
| Present Perfect Continuous | Present Continuous |
|---|---|
| Действие началось какое-то время назад, длилось и все еще продолжается. She has been playing volleyball since childhood. She is a real professional. — Она играет в волейбол с детства. Она настоящий профессионал. I have been washing the car. I need to take a shower. — Я мыл машину. Мне нужно принять душ. | Действие происходит в настоящий момент. She is playing volleyball. Look — she is wearing black shorts and a white T-shirt. — Она играет в волейбол. Посмотри — на ней черные шорты и белая футболка. I am washing the car. Then I’ll have a shower. — Я мою машину. Затем я приму душ. |
Present Perfect Continuous и Past Continuous
Теперь давайте разберем разницу между Present Perfect Continuous и Past Continuous.
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Continuous |
|---|---|
| Действие началось в прошлом и либо все еще продолжается, либо у него есть результат в настоящем. — What have you been doing all day today? | Действие происходило в определенный момент в прошлом. — What were you doing at 9 p.m. yesterday? |
Итак, давайте еще раз подытожим разницу между временами.
| Время | Правило | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect Continuous | действие началось в прошлом, длилось в течение какого-то времени и либо только что закончилось, либо все еще продолжается | It has been raining since morning and I don’t have an umbrella with me. — Дождь идет с утра, а у меня нет зонтика с собой. The crowd has been waiting for the performance for an hour. — Толпа ждет выступления уже час. |
| Present Perfect Simple | действие завершилось и имеет связь с настоящим временем или все еще продолжается | I think I’ve sprained my left leg muscle. It hurts so much! — Думаю, я потянул мышцу на левой ноге. Так болит! We have known each other since pre-school. — Мы знаем друг друга с детского сада. |
| Present Continuous | действие происходит в данный момент | Children are playing outside with their new toys. — Дети играют на улице с их новыми игрушками. Jack is repairing the car and his hands are dirty. — Джек чинит машину, и у него грязные руки. |
| Past Continuous | действие длилось в определенный момент в прошлом | I was driving when you called and could not answer. — Я была за рулем, когда ты звонил, и не могла ответить. It was snowing when we went for a walk yesterday. — Вчера шел снег, когда мы пошли гулять. |
Надеемся, наша статья помогла вам разобраться с правилами использования Present Perfect Continuous. В заключение предлагаем пройти небольшой тест.
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Упражнения с ответами
Настоящее совершенное длительное время употребляется для:
Уже подружились со временем? Сейчас проверим!
Exercise 1. Составьте предложения в the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Answers: 1. I have been reading this book for three days. 2. We have been playing volleyball for twenty minutes. 3. She has been cleaning the flat for more than an hour. 4. Peter has been swimming for half an hour. 5. Anna has been speaking on the phone for an hour now. 6. You have been waiting for a bus for ten minutes only. 7. Nelly and Mary have been doing the shopping since early morning. 8. It has been snowing since last night. 9. Jack and his friend have been riding bikes for three hours now. 10. The teacher has been explaining a grammar rule since the beginning of the lesson.
Exercise 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму.
Answers: 1.has been washing; 2.have been writing; 3. has been driving; 4. have been looking; 5. has been painting; 6. have been doing; 7.have been working; 8. has been blowing; 9. has been collecting; 10. have been discussing.
Exercise 3. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.
Answers: 1.You haven’t been writing a report since morning. 2. We haven’t been working in the garden for three hours. 3.I haven’t been typing letters since ten o’clock. 4.Tom hasn’t been running for twenty minutes. 5.A cat hasn’t been sitting in the tree for an hour. 6. Jane hasn’t been studying English for two years. 7. They haven’t been building this house for more than a year. 8. My parents haven’t been travelling for a week. 9. I haven’t been having a lesson for fifteen minutes now. 10. They haven’t been walking since afternoon.
Exercise 4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму.
Answers: 1. has been fishing; 2.hasn’t been packing; 3. have been ironing; 4. hasn’t been wearing; 5. haven’t been walking; 6. have been painting; 7.has been reading; 8. hasn’t been raining; 9. have been making; 10.has been trying.
Exercise 5. Сделайте предложения вопросительными.
Answers: 1. Has he been boating for four hours? 2.Have we been skating since eleven o’clock? 3.Has Lucy been learning this poem for twenty
minutes? 4. Have you been writing this article since afternoon? 5.Have my parents been working in the hospital for thirteen years? 6. Has the music been playing for three hours? 7. Have we been speaking since five o’clock? 8. Has Beth been taking a bath for thirty-five minutes? 9. Have they been preparing for the test for two days? 10. Has the baby been crying for half an hour?
Exercise 6. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму.
Answers: 1. Has Jenny been waiting for her flight in the airport since twelve o’clock? — No, she hasn’t. She has been waiting for her flight for forty minutes now. 2. Can I talk with you? — Sorry, I’m busy. I have been looking for one important paper for more than twenty minutes now and can’t find it. 3. Is Ed at home? — No, he is in the gym. He has been training since five o’clock. 4.Has your mother been working as a manager for ten years? — No, she hasn’t. She has been working as a manager for eighteen years. 5. Is Philip fixing the washing-machine? — Yes, he has been fixing it since nine o’clock. 6. Alison and Cindy haven’t been painting the walls in the room for two hours. They have been working since morning. 7. The Petersons have been building their house for three years now. 8. Is mother in the kitchen? — Yes, she has been cooking since four o’clock. 9. You look tired! — Well, I have been gathering strawberries for more than two hours. 10. Where is Ben? — He is in his room. He has been listening to music since afternoon.
Wh-word + has + he/she/it/ + been + Ving?
Например:
What have you been doing? How long has he been working?
Вопросы к подлежащему образуются только с помощью вспомогательного глагола has:
Who has been crying?
Exercise 7. Составьте вопрос к выделенным словосочетаниям.
Answers: 1.Who has been speaking to his friend for an hour? To whom has he been speaking for an hour? How long has he been speaking to his friend? 2.Who has been whitewashing the trees in the garden for two hours? What have we been doing in the garden for two hours? Where have we been whitewashing the trees for two hours? What have we been writewashing in the garden for two hours? 3. Who has been telling us about your work since five o’clock? Whom have you been telling about your work since five o’clock? Whose work have you been telling us about since five o’clock? What have you been telling us about since five o’clock? 4. What has she been doing for half an hour? What has she been translating for half an hour? How long has she been translating this text? 5. What have they been having in the canteen since one o’clock? Where have they been having lunch since one o’clock? How long have they been having lunch in the canteen?
Exercise 8. Составьте предложения, используя the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Answers: 1. What has she been reading since ten o’clock? 2. Where have we been driving so long? 3. Den hasn’t been riding his motor-bike since three o’clock. 4. Dolly and Carol have been planting flowers in the greenhouse for about an hour. 5. How long has Brian been learning English? 6. Has Linda been preparing for her test since eight o’clock? 7. Whom have you been talking with for fifty minutes? 8. Where have they been playing tennis since afternoon? 9. The baby has been sleeping for three hours now. 10. We haven’t been climbing this mountain for an hour.
Exercise 9. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму и прочитайте шутку.
A girl is speaking on the phone. She … (to speak) for forty- five minutes now. Her father … (to wait) for an important call since afternoon and he is becoming angry. «How long … you … (to speak), Kate?» cries her father. Kate quickly hangs up the receiver. Her father looks puzzled, «Usually you speak for hours! What has happened now?» «Wrong number», answers Kate.
Answers: She has been speaking for forty-five minutes now. Her father has been waiting for an important call since afternoon and he is becoming angry. «How long have you been speaking. Kate?» cries her father.
Exercise 10. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму.
Answers: 1. Put on your raincoat. It has been raining since night. 2. Is Frank in his room? What has he been doing? — He has been preparing for the French test. 3. Are Sue and Liz still in the garden? They have been watering the flowers for an hour now! — No, they haven’t been watering the flowers. They have been weeding for more than an hour. 4. How long have you been travelling around the country? — I have been travelling for two weeks now. 5. Ron should be careful. He has been sunbathing since eight o’clock. 6. Whom has your boss been shouting at? — He has been shouting at his new manager. She has been working in this office for only three days. 7. Cindy is worried. She has been waiting for her parents to come home since six o’clock. 8. What have they been writing since three o’clock? — They have been writing an article for the scientific journal. 9. Aren’t Julia and Andrew at home yet? — They are still preparing for the conference in the library. They have been preparing for this conference for a week now. 10. How long has Mr Kane been washing his car? — He has been washing it for more than an hour now.
Exercise 11. Переведите на английский язык.
Answers: 1. They have been writing a dictation for half an hour already. 2. My sister has been cleaning the room since morning. 3. Have the boys been swimming in the swimming-pool for more than an hour now? 4.He hasn’t been watching TV since morning. 5. Have you been reading this book for four days? — No, I have been reading it for two days only. 6. What has she been doing for three hours? — She has been preparing for the exams. 7. How long have the children been playing in the park? — They have been playing since five o’clock. 8. What has your brother been telling about for twenty minutes already? — He has been telling about his parrot. 9. What article has he been writing since morning? — He has been writing an article about a famous scientist. 10. What have they been discussing for more than an hour now? — They have been discussing the latest news.
WELL DONE!
Литература:
Павличенко О.М. Английский язык. Грамматический практикум. II уровень. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — X.: Ранок, 2012. — 304 с.